In the 15th century, one kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to incorporate several of its close neighbor territories establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda. The population coalesced first into clans, and then, into kingdoms. Hunter-gatherers settled the territory in the Stone and Iron Ages, followed later by Bantu peoples.

It is the most densely populated mainland African country among countries larger than 10,000 km 2, it is the fifth most densely populated country in the world.

The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year. It is highly elevated, giving it the soubriquet 'land of a thousand hills', with its geography dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the southeast, with numerous lakes throughout the country.

Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Rwanda ( / r u ˈ ɑː n d ə/ ⓘ roo- AHN-də or / r uː ˈ æ n d ə/ roo- AN-də Kinyarwanda: u Rwanda ⓘ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge.

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